Keeping Up with the Joneses free essay sample

Society effectsly affects the storyteller in â€Å"Two Kinds† and Madame Loisel in â€Å"The Necklace†. Regardless of whether it is helping us accomplish accomplishments or our activities out in the open, we can be influenced both adversely and decidedly. In the short story â€Å"The Necklace† Madame Loisel is down and out. At the point when her significant other, a basic Clerk, returns home holding a white envelope which says â€Å"The Minister of Education and Mme. Georges Ramponneau ask M. also, Mme. Loisel to do them the respect of going to a night gathering at the Ministerial Mansion. Madame Loisel attempts her best to look as great as possible at the gathering. She even gets an accessory to put her best self forward at the gathering, this is a direct result of how society anticipates that us should put our best self forward and spruce up now and again. In the other short story, Two Kinds, Ni Kan’s mother needs her to be something she doesn’t need her to be. We will compose a custom paper test on Staying aware of the Joneses or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Regardless of whether it was opening an eatery, working for the administration, or in any event, constructing a house to sell it and make a benefit. She fundamentally needs her to turn into a wonder, which is exceptionally improbable. My mom trusted you could be anything you needed to be in America. You could open an eatery. You could work for the administration and get great retirement. You could purchase a house with practically no cash down. You could get rich. You could turn out to be in a flash popular. Obviously, you can be a wonder, as well, my mom revealed to me when I was nine. † Her mom needs her to turn into a wonder as a result of how society has â€Å"molded† her contemplations and activities. Her little girl, she is just best precarious, you can be best anything. What does Auntie Lindo know? For instance, her mom constrains her to gain proficiency with the piano, which doesn’t turn out to be very well â€Å"Three days in the wake of viewing the Ed S ullivan Show my mom mentioned to me what my calendar would be for piano exercises and piano practice. She had conversed with Mr. Chong † In both positive and negative ways society has influenced me in numerous parts of my life, society has influenced what I look like, how I do in school, what I need to become after High-School, what I state, how I act in sports. Taking everything into account, society in an entire influences everybody, all over, consistently inside and out. This finishes up my exposition.

Long Term Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Long haul Care - Essay Example t isn't that simple to get a long haul â€care protection so late, on the grounds that the expense of protection might be very immense or safety net providers will dismiss candidate at age 60 for wellbeing reasons. Subsequently, the best age to purchase a long haul â€care protection is mid 50s. One reason is that the cost for protection continues developing from 3 to 4% every year. For instance, a cost for the long â€term care protection every year for a multi year elderly person these days is around 1,032$. However, in the event that he will hold up until his 65s he will buy protection that will cost 2,770$ as it develops 5% every year. The other advantage of purchasing a long haul †care protection at age 50s is that with time the danger of medical issues increments. The safety net providers are carefully recorded as a hard copy their approaches. The insights from the American Association for Long Term Care Insurance shows that 25% of candidates at age of 60 to 69 were not offered a protection reason for their wellbeing exacerbated. (American Association for Long-Term Care Insurance, 2014) Swelling assurance. All long haul care protection must incorporate a 5% compound for each year to shield from the swelling. This is a very significant choice as it assists with safeguarding all advantages of protection with the increasing typical cost for basic items. Elective arrangement of care benefits. This alternative permitted guaranteeing of every one of extra necessities of the patient. This component helps for patients getting elective supplies or administrations that were excluded from benefits booklet. Advantage period. As needs be, to the measurement from the US Department of Health and Human Services an individual goes through roughly 2.4 years in the nursing home. In this manner, patients can pick the term of the advantage time frame as needs be to their wellbeing. 1. American Association for Long-Term Care Insurance.(2014). Whats The Best Age To Buy Long Term Care Insurance. American Association for Long-Term Care Insurance Online. Recovered from

Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case - Assignment Example For this situation, rivalry is overflowing and a decent picture is probably going to make an upper hand for St Margaret’s Hospital. 2. The issue identified with brand name is that there is a general inclination that the name Margaret is antiquated and is not, at this point normally utilized. In any case, the brand name ought not be changed for valid justifications that incorporate the accompanying. This is a congregation claimed organization and this ought to be reflected for the sake of the medical clinic. The name itself makes the medical clinic unmistakable from other medicinal services organizations working in this specific region. On the off chance that the name is changed, individuals might be confounded subsequently it ought to be kept up for the individuals who relate to the catholic crucial. 3. Mary should concentrate on the center administrations offered by the organization and consideration ought to be given to the way that this establishment isn't for benefit. This assists with drawing in individuals if there is a reasonable qualification from different rivals in a similar segment. Mary ought to likewise attempt to target equipped clinical faculty to join the establishment in order to improve its notoriety for being a power to deal with in the human services calling. The ads should focus on the less favored individuals in the public eye in order to make a qualification between the catholic emergency clinic and different establishments that are revenue driven making. This separation methodology is worthwhile in the focused on individuals can without much of a stretch relate to their favored foundation for all their clinical necessities. 4. St Margaret’s medical clinic should seek after exercises that are socially capable in the networks they work in order to assemble a solid and positive corporate picture. The establishment ought to take part in exercises that are intended to profit the less advantaged individuals from the general public to speak to the interests of numerous individuals. Since this is a not revenue driven association, the organization should attempt to offer free drug to individuals with extraordinary cases who can't bear to pay for their clinical costs.

Sugar Tax Economic Consequences And Effectiveness

Question: Talk about the Sugar Tax Economic Consequences and Effectiveness. Answer: Presentation Sugar drinks utilization effectsly affects the purchasers, and it has represented a test for the legislature to intercede. As per Pettinger (2015), intriguing monetary contentions are raised on the discussion on whether to force a duty on drinks that are sweet. Right off the bat, ideal portion of assets is the thing that financial aspects attempts to accomplish, however this isn't constantly accomplished in the free market. The legislatures job is to decrease the impacts brought about by externalities (negative externalities). Buyers are made to pay the full social expense by the administration intercession in raising charges. The effect of a higher duty on sugar is that it will raise the expense of delivering sweet nourishments and beverages (Cornelsen et al., 2014). The interest for the sweet nourishments and beverages will fall since the makers will be compelled to charge more significant expenses for these items. The addition in duty will bring about the administration raising gi gantic aggregates of incomes since Australias utilization of soda pop is high (O'Neill, 2016). Utilization will be at the socially productive level. In the genuine sense, significant medical problems will be diminished because of the sugar charge burden. These medical problems incorporate; diabetes, tooth rot, and weight (Brownell et al., 2009 and Branca, Nikogosian and Lobstein, 2007)). The legislature should utilize the incomes raised after the sugar charge inconvenience to manage diabetes and illness. Sugar Tax Arguments Outer expenses High outside expenses are forced on the general public from the overconsumption of sweet nourishments and beverages (O'Neill, 2016). This serious issues are brought about by the sugar overconsumption and they incorporate; type II diabetes, weight, and diseases identified with corpulence (O'Connor, Imamura and Forouhi, 2014 and Reuters, 2015)) for example coronary illness, back agonies, and so on., and tooth rot which for the most part influences the more youthful individuals. The national wellbeing administrations are offered at significant expenses which mirrors the outside expenses. There are unfriendly impacts of work and profitability because of unexpected frailty. Consequently, the utilization of sugar has a higher social expense than the private sugar cost (Cornelsen et al., 2014). Fig: The Effects of Imposing a Tax on Sugar The outline above shows how the balance amount expended, and the balance costs change because of sugar charge inconvenience. At first, the harmony amount and costs were at Q1 and P1 separately. Now, the Private Marginal Benefits (PMB) and the Private Marginal Costs (PMC) are equivalent. The expense burden makes the cost of the items ascend from P1 to value P2. At value P2, buyers are not ready to buy amount Q1, potentially because of spending requirements (Snowdon, 2015). They are in this manner compelled to bring down their utilization from Q1 to amount Q2. This outcomes in another harmony at the new point where the Social Marginal Benefit (SMB) and the Social Marginal Cost (SMC) are equivalent. Q2 is the socially effective level. The significant objective of this exploration is to demoralize sugar utilization by raising the value level. Sugar as a Demerit Good Sweet beverages can be delegated bad mark products notwithstanding the outer expenses (Pettinger, 2015). The individual expenses related with the utilization of sugar could be obscure to the clients (Griffith et al., 2016). On the other hand, the buyers might know about the negative impacts of sugar utilization however battle to stop or lower its utilization since it is addictive. Moreover, state of mind swings can be brought about by a sugar hit. Vitality and continuance ascend after the utilization of sugar however falls after it wears out of the body. The insulin delivered by the body to sugar flood is just supported through the admission of more sugar. There is data disappointment that blinds individuals fair and square of sugar utilization (Reuters, 2015). On normal the shoppers take numerous teaspoons of sugar, what's more, they take soda pops without the consciousness of the sugar present in such beverages (Brownell et al., 2009). The choice of settling on educated choices is all things considered dismissed. Some don't have the foggiest idea about the unsafe impacts of sugar overconsumption. A gigantic measure of income could be raised if there was an expansion in sugar charge (Trujillo, Jez and Lascher, n.d.). The extra income could be utilized in the decrease of different expenses, or it tends to be utilized in taking care of the disturbing issues related with sugar overconsumption. The reserving on spending the assets raise on taking care of the subsequent issues would not make huge issues on the purchasers as they will see this to be a reasonable practice. They will have the discernment that the assessment raised is utilized for the correct reason. Moving Supply and Consumption On the off chance that providers are progressively dependable and chivalrous, they can be utilized in controlling the overconsumption. This is following the way that gracefully is said to make its interest. In many drive-thru eateries, they have unreasonably advanced sweet beverages. In the event that there were a motivation to advance sound beverages that have low sugar levels, the clients would at present buy these items. For example, on the off chance that you are given pop, you take pop, however you were given water and not the pop, you would in any case take water. Providers consistently wish to flexibly at more significant expenses. Since the inconvenience of expense raises the cost of sodas, providers will wish to gracefully more. Yet, since the customers have different beverages they can use alternative for sugar, their value flexibility of interest is high. On the off chance that the buyers request less of the items, gracefully will be low, and the buyers will worry about the entire duty concern (Griffith et al., 2016). To keep away from this, the providers may present a few items that are more beneficial (Marron, Gearing and Iselin, 2015), or rather low-quality beverages at lower costs which may have negative wellbeing impacts on the buyers. Sugar Tax and the Low Income Earners For the low-salary workers, sugar charge is out of line and can't be powerful. This is on the grounds that it is backward; low-salary workers lose a high extent of their pay to the expanded duty (Marron, Gearing and Iselin, 2015). These individuals can maintain a strategic distance from the expense in particular on the off chance that they are value delicate since they can change to non-sweet beverages (Snowdon, 2015). In the event that these individuals are dependent on sugar, there will be a misfortune in the social government assistance since a greater amount of their pay which could be utilized in buying different items isn't utilized in purchasing sugar. A sugar assessment will extraordinarily hurt the sugar delivering organizations. This contention depends on the way that, there are such a significant number of options that can be utilized for sweet items. In this way, the companys deals will fall because of the expanded costs. The organization may not, along these lines, have the option to pass some extent of the duty to the purchasers. This implies it will worry about the expanded duty concern alone. Government Influence on the Peoples Habits of Drinking and Eating. A few people contend that it isn't only for the legislature to settle on choices that impact buyer designs therefore changing their way of life. They, along these lines, contend against a sugar charge. The low-pay worker may consider a sugar expense to be an out of line practice since the cost charged on the offer of sugar will be equivalent to everybody regardless of their income. The essential job of government in accomplishing a pay appropriation would not be accomplished for this situation. The sugar utilization related maladies are generally outrageous among the rich shoppers. There are different strategies other than the assessment that the administration can use in bringing down sugar utilization. For example, it can boycott promoting of sweet items as it impacts the utilization by youngsters (Brownell et al., 2009). The assessment on sugar can't be contrasted with charge on items, for example, liquor, cigarettes, carbon expense, contamination, and petroleum. This is on the grounds that sugar some way or another will in general be a fundamental need. Assessment on a fundamental need may raise more income since the items must be bought, however it might have some monetary and social outcomes. The low salary workers can get rid of liquor and cigarettes; they present less contamination to nature, so a duty on such items will move riches from the rich to the poor who may not be influenced. The main low-pay workers that can be influenced by liquor and cigarettes charge are on those with addictions. End A sugar expense will be impeding to the financial status of the low-pay families. Considering the way that sicknesses related with overconsumption of sugar are for the most part influencing the rich individuals, a great part of the advantages from the forced duty will stream to the rich. Thusly, it tends to be reasoned that the sugar charge is certifiably not a reasonable practice regardless of whether the administration vows to utilize the extra assessment to check medical problems that outcomes. A sugar charge is in this manner not predictable with the legislatures objective of the pay conveyance. It is along these lines not moral for the legislature to force burdens that impact the human conduct furthering its potential benefit of raising more income to provide food for its wellbeing commitments. Regardless of whether it doesnt force a duty on sugar, it is its job to guarantee that different methods are utilized in raising capital for the equivalent. Suggestions The sugar assessment would just be fruitful in certain classes in the economy. In spite of the fact that some may feel that it is useful to the economy, for other people, it represents some type of money related limitations. Sugar has addictive characteristics, and a few people can't take drinks that are non-sweet with the nearness of a sweet one. This will impactsly affect the delivering organization. The administration ought to think about such effects before settling on any choice to force an expense on such an item. Sugar charge must be forced together with different approaches to be powerful. References Branca, F., Nikogosian, H. furthermore, Lobstein, T. (2007). The test of weight in the WHO European Region and the methodologies for reaction. Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe. Brownell, K., Farley, T.

Sum-Up of Summer Registration

Sum-Up of Summer Registration Hello, future Illini! I hope you all are getting pumped to join the wonderful community on campus. You are so close to attending the University of Illinois in the fall, but there are a couple of tasks you need to complete before fall rolls around. One of these tasks is to register for and to attend Summer Registration. I know what you’re thinking: Simply put, Summer Registration is a day when you’ll come to campus, pick out your first-semester courses, and receive a ton of information about the university as a whole. Summer Registration is a required program for all incoming students. If you live more than 500 miles away from campus, your Summer Registration will be completely online; however, you still have the opportunity to participate in on-campus Summer Registration should you choose to make the trip. Summer Registration is an exciting time to be on campus, and it is so much more than just scheduling your courses. You and your guests will meet with your academic college and your academic advisor, who will help you choose the correct courses. While youre registering, your family will have their own programming to attend. After you check in, you can walk around our campus resources fair to learn about and speak with over 30 offices around campus (many of which will give out free stuff!). Then, there will be a brief introduction and financial aid presentation before we split up for your college meetings. This also gives you the chance to meet other students within your college and major. You’ll eventually head off to a computer lab on campus to register. That’s right, you’ll leave Summer Registration with your fall schedule in hand! The program will finish up around 5:00 p.m. at the latest, but there are also a number of optional things you can do on campus once the program is done. You can go to the Illini Union Bookstore to buy some Illini gear, take campus and classroom tours, and even get your student ID, which is called an i-card. We also offer small group sessions where you can meet with upperclassmen and get your campus life questions answered. If you’re super excited for everything to come, you can sign up for Summer Registration via your Admitted Student Checklist on myIllini. You have to  accept your offer  before you can sign up for a program. Once you have signed up for a program, make sure you do the following things before coming to campus: Send  AP scores  directly from the testing agency to our office. Take  placement tests  2 weeks before you come to registration  (available May 1). Do your college homework  (available starting in April via your Admitted Student Checklist). If you have more questions, check out our  FAQ  page or contact our office. Cant wait to see you this summer! @Danny_UofI Danny Admissions Counselor I am originally from New Jersey, but I grew up and graduated high school in the north suburbs of Chicago. I love being an admissions counselor because I get to meet and interact with remarkable students almost every day!

Stop Crying While Writing a Dissertation Introduction

Writing a dissertation introduction is extremely important and, at the same time, quite challenging part of the process of writing a dissertation. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of a solid introduction to the overall success of any particular dissertation. Even in the case when the whole dissertation is well-prepared and possesses a plenty of facts and reasonable evidence, a poorly-written introduction can negate all the work done. As such, the introduction will be under scrutiny from the side of the targeted audience. Considering all the above, it is crucial to consider the process of writing a dissertation introduction in more details. The Overall Objective of the Introduction Without any exaggeration, the introduction is considered to be the most important part, since it should describe the purpose of a dissertation. This part of a dissertation will be the object of increased attention, so the major objective of the introduction is to present and state the importance, originality, and topicality of the research project. First of all, it should contain a statement of the research issue that a particular project explores. This statement must provide a general overview of the actual research on the given subject. Besides, it should provide the prospects of in-depth exploration of the topic, as well as how the given project will enhance the knowledge of a wider audience about the given topic. In addition, the introduction is a chance for the writer to prepare the audience to the perception of a dissertation. Nevertheless, the author does not have to disclose all the details or the main idea of the project at this section of the paper. The Components of the Dissertation Introduction There is a list of mandatory components that should be included in the introductory paragraph. First of all, it is crucial to mention why the topic is worth of researching so that the audience understood the importance, necessity, and urgency of its research. Next, it is needed to state an objective statement. As a matter of fact, a cogent hook is equally important, as it will help to express the significance of the subject matter. Furthermore, it is important to mention a statement that indicates the limitation of the given study. Finally, it is needed to express a statement that reflects the opposite aspect of the researched topic. The Structure of the Dissertation Introduction It is worth noting that writing a dissertation does not have to be intricate. Despite the fact that writing a dissertation introduction is quite a challenging task, there is a list of key principles, the making of which in the introduction will help to set up the paper in the right direction.   Firstly, it is needed to write a remarkable opening sentence, which will focus the audiences attention. The general tone of the introduction should be confident without being dismissive and assertive. The introduction should be concise, without any excessive details about what is to come in the research project. Eventually, at the end of this part of a dissertation, it is necessary to give a brief explanation of what the reader can expect in the following parts of the paper.

Implementation Is The Execution Of The Plan Essay

Chapter 5: Prototype 1. Introduction Implementation is the execution of the plan, or implement the idea or model, or design to do something. In this way, implementation is a procedure that must be followed some of the initial thinking of something actually occur. The implementation includes all the processes included in getting new software or hardware work correctly in their environment, including installation, configuration, running, testing, and make the necessary changes. The chapter is organized as follows: Section 2 gives some information about programming languages used to implement the system. Section 3 presents programs and tools and software specification. Section 4 gives a general overview and screen shots of the system. 2. Programming Languages C# Programming Language C# is the main programming language, it was developed by Microsoft within its .NET initiative framework. It is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language. It implements a strong security model, which prevents compiling C# programs from illicitly accessing resources on the system where they execute on the network. I have a wide experience in dealing with the C# programming as it’s a strong, secure language and it saves time and efforts [1]. 3. Tools C# Environment: Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Usually we compile and run C# programs from within an integrated development environment (IDE) like Visual Studio. Microsoft Visual Studio is an integratedShow MoreRelatedImplementation Is The Execution Of The Plan, Or Implement1381 Words   |  6 PagesImplementation is the execution of the plan, or implement the idea or model, or design to do something. Also, is a procedure that must be followed in the initial thinking of something actually happen. Therefore, the implementation includes all the processes included in getting a new software or hardware work correctly in their environment, including installation, configuration, running, testing, and make the necessary changes. The chapter is organized as follows: Section 2 gives some informationRead MoreVolkswagen Do Brasil Harvard Business Case1272 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategy? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the scorecard and its implementation?   4. What are behavioral aspects of the implementation of this strategy, how are these addressed, or not, by the proposed implementation plan?   5. How can Schmall and his team use the scorecard to deal with the challenges faced by the company in January 2009? 6. Any other observations you think are pertinent to this case in terms of strategy execution? 1. What challenges does Thomas Schmall face upon becoming CEO ofRead MoreSTR 581, Week 4 Paper1703 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Implementation, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plans STR 581 Victor Rayneri Executive Summary Ingalls Shipbuilding does not have a strong stable future if current projections and no strategies are developed for the near future. According to the US Navy, over the next five years 10 units are in the budget for Ingalls’ market share and Bath Iron Works will certainly fabricate a portion of those products (â€Å"Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plan,†Ã‚  2014). Therefore, a strongRead MoreChallenges of Strategy Implementation1316 Words   |  6 PagesCHALLENGES OF STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION Potential Challenges of Strategy Implementation Strategy implementation starts with a series of brainstorming sessions. According to a study by Michael Beer and Russell A. Eisenstat, published in the summer 2000 issue of Sloan Management Review, the six silent killers of strategy implementation are top-down or complacent upper management, unclear strategy and conflicting priorities, ineffective senior management team, poor vertical communication, poorRead MoreNursing Research Utilization Project1349 Words   |  5 Pageseffectiveness of execution, the implementation plan is based on preparation and planning as well as development of a plan of action. This process involves scheduling appropriate actions, identification of necessary resources, strategies for dealing with adverse outcomes, and conducting brief training for individuals involved in the implementation process. The implementation of the Nursing Research Utilization Project is followed by evaluation, which is monitoring the implementation of plans and solutionsRead MoreThe Importance Of A Sustainable Company, Robert G. E, Kathleen M. P. Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pagesfocuses on sustainability of organizations and supporting concepts and principles. Acceptance and implementation of sustainability practices by organization have increased significantly globally over the last 2 decades. Application of sustainability practices have been witnessed in both governmental and private institutions, and non-governmental organizations and movements. The increased implementation of sustainability management strategies has been propelled by the benefits the concept brings withRead MoreMaintaining The Good Vibe On Employee Engagement1515 Words   |  7 PagesMaintaining the good vibe on employee engagement is vital for TQM implementation although it is difficult to do so. Organisation need to give extra attention on this problem. Extra workloads and procedures will make the employees feel dissatisfied and leave the company as showed in qualitative results. Additional monetary or non monetary rewards as mentioned by both managers in the interviews are important to enhance the level of engagement and satisfaction among the employees. When employee feelRead MoreIntroduction and Implementation of New Technology in a Company1862 Words   |  7 Pagesability to implement and maintain new technology is one of the most vital ways for a company to survive and enhance its competitiveness. For many managers, the process of implementing new technology system requires adhering to the key steps in the implementation process. The other crucial step in implementing new technology system is the involvement of the entire workforce including the technical and non-technical staff members. The need for new technology systems in the working environment originatesRead MorePreparing A Good Test Strategy Document With Simple Steps1245 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement Deliverables a) System Test Plan b) System Integration Test Plan c) Performance Test Plan d) Weekly test status report e) Test Summary Report ( for Unit Testing, System Testing, System Integration Testing and Performance Testing) Risk Management Risk Description Impact Mitigation Strategy Owner Late development or delivery of components Delay in test execution and might impact timelines Project team need to set up process, contingency plan and workaround for delays inRead MoreThe Necessities Of Developing Green Construction Project Management1261 Words   |  6 Pagescompetence, etc. The overall planning of green construction project is the starting point of the implementation of the entire green construction project management. Without a high level of overall planning of green construction, green construction project cannot be effectively implemented. In the green construction project, the significant tasks to realize the green building implementation include execution technology selection, environmentally-friendly material selection, waste resources recycling,

Feminism A Feminist Perspective - 1083 Words

Feminism is an interesting topic to cover. Feminism is often associated with or assumed to be radical feminism, despite the fact that they are two different mindsets. Feminism, in its purest sense, is the seeking of gender equality in society. It seeks to go against the idea of male supremacy and gender stereotypes, saying that both of the two are oppressive and uncalled for. Radical feminism tends to have more to do with the concept of patriarchy, saying that female dominance has been â€Å"historically proven† to be beneficial. While the concepts within radical feminism became popular in the 1960s, during the arisal of second-wave feminism, feminism itself has been around for quite some time. This essay will be looking at the origins of and development of first-wave feminism in the late 1800s. Feminism exists as a concept and a moral. You can not put dates to a concept. Of course, there were figures that represented this concept, The Greek philosopher Plato is one s uch example. It is disputed whether or not Plato is truly a feminist, but he could still be considered to be someone who supported (at least somewhat) the concept of gender equality. The more equally-statused women portrayed in Plato’s works tended to be a bit masculine in their qualities. This is not a surprise, though. Plato did not live in a time in which equality was normal. Women were thought to be â€Å"lower† beings, lacking intelligence and use (other than bearing children, of course.) The factShow MoreRelatedFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1505 Words   |  7 PagesDate Feminism is a movement that is targeted towards a common goal which is, achieving equal rights for women in each sector; cultural, economic, social and personal. Its main aim is to seek to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment. A feminist advocate is in charge of supporting the rights of women and advocating for equality. The feminist movement on the other hand campaign for women rights and protect girls and women from being mistreated (Adel 56). Feminism beganRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1168 Words   |  5 Pagesactivism has influenced my intellectual journal through feminist theory. Feminism is a contentious topic with matters that pertain to contemporary feminism, including the following: reproductive rights; equal access to education and employment; marriage equality; violence against women; and the sex trade. While these are only a few of the issues faced by feminists, it is evident that feminism has great value in today’s society. My journey with feminism began in high school when a professor shared negativeRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective2541 Words   |  11 Pagesignored in criminology. After this, the second wave of feminism interest came mid-twentieth century. This wave led to renewed interest in female offenders. Feminism is a set of theories and strategies to make gender the central focus in social change. This will help in attempts to understand relationships, institutions and processes. To broadly summarize, feminism is the belief that women are inherently of equal worth to men. Many feminist views believe women suffer from oppression and discriminationRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1904 Words   |  8 Pagesthe 19th century to the present day, feminism has evolved over periods of time, shaped and molded our structure of society into what it is today. Feminism, the exploration and critique of male power that challenges traditional sex roles has always played a major role and been expressed in classic and modern literacy. From press articles, to film productions. From plays to books. Along with this, feminist literary and cultural theories were born from feminists who also challenge and analyze the expressionsRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1667 Words   |  7 PagesM odern Feminism Before we begin, I want you to create a picture in your head. You read that there is going to be a feminist rally in your local city this afternoon. What does your mind picture? Lots of pink I’m sure. Who is there? Why, a bunch of women, of course! And what could they possibly want this time? I’ll let you keep that one to yourself. We all know that in today’s world, feminism is often seen as a joke. Just a bunch of white women prancing around with signs expressing their angst forRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1567 Words   |  7 PagesTo Be or Not to Be a Feminist Not identifying as a feminist, I have become oblivious to some of the things that go on where thousands of women fight for on my behalf. I have identified myself as a non feminist and believe in the things that I have always been taught. Yet, there is many in my life who have identified themselves to be feminism or follow in the beliefs of feminism. With this subject being one that everyone already has their opinion about; we have no use trying to argue it, despite whoRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1321 Words   |  6 Pagesthen congratulations -- you re a feminist! (Kingston). People who advertise feminism in this manner are exactly how feminists have reached the point they are today. Feminists are demonizing men to sexual predators and using popular culture as ground zero for their activism campaigns, to show females as either a victim or the hero who empowered herself as a woman. These absurd characteristics come to mind when someone speaks of feminism today. When a mo dern feminist does not adhere to some ridiculousRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective2502 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"But, of course, you might be asking yourself, Am I a feminist? I might not be. I don t know! I still don t know what it is! I m too knackered and confused to work it out. That curtain pole really still isn t up! I don t have time to work out if I am a women s libber! There seems to be a lot to it. WHAT DOES IT MEAN? I understand. So here is the quick way of working out if you re a feminist. Put your hand in your pants. a) Do you have a vagina? And b) Do you want to be in charge of itRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1965 Words   |  8 Pagespeople think of the words â€Å"feminist† or â€Å"feminism† it sometimes open the doors to a scrutinizing debate. People will go back and forth on their opinions of this delicate topic causing some people to change their minds where as others will just add more fuel to their own fire by making the ir beliefs even stronger for the next time they wish to defend their thoughts and ideas. Those people who stand by their strong supportive thoughts, ideas, and beliefs on the topic of feminism are known as a feminist’sRead MoreSecond Wave Feminism : A Feminist Perspective2232 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is feminism? What makes someone a feminist? In today’s society, a common answer might be â€Å"an angry lesbian that hates men.† However, feminism as defined by the OED, is â€Å"the advocacy of women’s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men.† Simply put, a feminist is someone who believes that women and men should be treated equally, regardless of gender. The rise in feminism is due in part to the multiple waves of feminist movements that have raised awareness concerning

The American Dream in The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald

The American dream in The Great Gatsby written by Scott Fitzgerald, About fighting for what we want. American Dream makes us strong and brave to do things we would not do. American dream can be clothes, money, luxury, and love. In the novel the American Dream is what we picture but if we dig deep inside there are crushed dreams and conquered but failed. American dream is not what we all pictured in the Great Gatsby but they make us believe how great is life is. The Great Gatsby is about high class society where does not mean that all American Dreams come true but there are always a bad ending to their American Dreams. The American Dream about one of the fictional characters is Gatsby Jay. Gatsby came from a poor background, that made himself go far because he did not wanted to become poor. He realized that he wanted to become a powerful man when his American Dream went to another direction. He may not be a bad person to others. He would not harm others but for his American Dream he would kill a man if he has to. Gatsby American Dream is his one love Daisy Buchanan. He has made his life fake and made everyone believe that he earn his wealth. Jay Gatsby wanted Daisy and for he can have her he will become rich to have her. His Dream was so powerful that he would ruin another relationship and get into her head. He loves her and he will do anything for her. The color i see the most for Gatsby is green. His American Dream color is green because of money, power andShow MoreRelatedAmerican Dream : The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1280 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Ludwig 10 November 2014 American Dream The ideal American Dream is that every citizen in the U.S. may have a promising future, happiness, a family, and health. Some reach the American Dream, and some settle for less. People who do not obtain any type of American Dream cannot truly be happy because their life is not truly fulfilled, which does not satisfy their ambition. Jay Gatsby, a young man who over came poverty, and achieved the ideal American Dream but fell in love with a young ladyRead MoreThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald1129 Words   |  5 Pageseconomy began to soar, and the notion of the American dream began to take effect. The American Dream is the idea that anyone can come from any background and no matter who they are, if they work hard and stay true to themselves, they can achieve their dreams. The Great Gatsby, set in the early twenties, displays that socio-economic power is obtained through inheritance, forming an aristocracy of power and wealth. The Great Gatsby, written by F . Scott Fitzgerald, demonstrates how geography and locationRead MoreThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald1082 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1920’s was a time of great change to both the country lived in as well as the goals and ambitions that were sought after by the average person. During this time, priorities shifted from family and religion to success and spontaneous living. The American dream, itself, changed into a self centered and ongoing personal goal that was the leading priority in most people’s lives. This new age of carelessness and naivety encompasses much of what this earlier period is remembered for. In additionRead More The American Dream in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald2776 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction The â€Å"Great Gatsby† is a very twisted and convoluted novel which was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. It has been written in late 1925, the characters in the novel focus upon a fictional town of West Egg. The plot of the story depends over the mystifying millionaire, Jay Gatsby, who has an impetuous enthusiasm for one of the most beautiful women in town, Daisy Buchanan. The theme of the novel focuses upon the American Dream that shares the experiences of the revival of the World WarRead MoreAmerican Dream in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott, Fitzgerald1386 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream is what pushes the characters in The Great Gatsby. It is the idea or belief that everybody has the opportunity to accomplish their goals and become wealthy and prosperous if they only work hard enough. There is or are some things about the American Dream that never seem to meet the expectations and needs of society. The characters in The Great Gatsby cannot grasp the concept that The American Dream is somewhat an illusion because not everybody can obtain what they would like ifRead More Corruption of the American Dream in the Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1438 Words   |  6 Pages Broken Dreams and Fallen Themes In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald employs the use of characters, themes, and symbolism to convey the idea of the American Dream and its corruption through the aspects of wealth, family, and status. In regards to wealth and success, Fitzgerald makes clear the growing corruption of the American Dream by using Gatsby himself as a symbol for the corrupted dream throughout the text. In addition, when portraying the family the characters in Great Gatsby are used to exposeRead MoreThe American Dream : F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1329 Words   |  6 PagesAn American Illusion After the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was implemented in America, many immigrants from China, Japan, and India were stripped of their pursuit of the American Dream at Angel Island. The immigration station’s detainment of these rejected dreamers destroyed stories before they could happen. These stories of opportunity and the fulfillment of the American Dream make America what it is today. For instance, many immigrants today who are lucky enough to settle into America enterRead MoreThe American Dream : F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1362 Words   |  6 PagesGatsby Corrupted Dream The American Dream is originally thought to be about how hard work can lead one person from poorness to richness with the right amount of effort put in. The American Dream can have different meaning to different people but at the end they are all trying to achieve a goal. The American Dream usually requires hard work and dedication. But cheating your way to success can change a person. An example of a distorted American Dream would be F. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great GatsbyRead MoreCorruption of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald855 Words   |  4 Pages In the novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald gives the reader a glimpse into the life of the high class during the 1920’s through the eyes of a man named Nick Carraway. Through the narrators dealings with high society, Fitzgerald demonstrates how modern values have transformed the American dreams ideas into a scheme for materialistic power and he reveals how the world of high society lacks any sense of morals or consequence. In order to support his message, Fitzgerald presents the originalRead MoreCorrupted American Dream in the Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1389 Words   |  6 Pagesit corrupted them as they set to reach the American dream by acquiring wealth for the only purpose to pursue pleasure. The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald showing that no one is unaffected by the corruption. This novel is seen through the eyes of Nick Carraway, who moves from the mid-west to west-egg to chase his American dream. He observes the people and events around him as he follows the attempts of his neighbor Jay Gatsby, to gain back Daisy Buchanan’s love. Through

Essay on Transformation of Marriage - 2309 Words

Abstract The marriage revolution has been a controversial issue since the dawn of time, and all that are and have been involved with â€Å"matrimony† are aware of the issues of the future. There can be no denying that the culture of marriage has changed. This very course is itself a great example of this fact. Much like any other sociological subject of any real concern, there are many â€Å"opinions† related to this issue. This paper will attempt to highlight marriage seen as the sociological transformation, marital erosion versus evolution, and why many people fail at marriage and what does it take to be successful in greater detail. This will allow you, the readers, to make up your own minds regarding this extremely multifaceted issue.†¦show more content†¦So the assumed stabilities of 40 or 50 years ago — the Ozzie and Harriet world that most people refer to, if they ever existed, certainly dont exist now. Social conservatives blame divorce, cohabitation, illegitimacy, and the demise of the traditional family for societys ills, from poverty, crime, and juvenile delinquency to the moral decay and destruction of the American way of life. In the 1970s, marriage was at its lowest but by the late 1990s there was a reappearance of marriage, seen in the leveling off of the divorce rate. Although the claims for the value of marriage by conservatives and gay-rights proponents quot;were from two ends of the spectrum, they came together — at least at the rhetorical level — for what marriage...accomplishes and how crucial it is as a social institution.quot; (Gallagher, 2002) Historic change in American matrimony is especially pronounced in three areas: the equalizing of the respective rights and duties of wives and husbands, the dissolution of marital prohibitions based on race, and the evolution from state-defined grounds for divorce to couple-defined no fault divorce. The most recent area of debate is whether the state should sanction marital consent between same-sex couples. Although such a prospect is unthinkable to some, earlier forms of legal marriage are equally unimaginable now. AsShow MoreRelatedThe Word History Transformation of Marriage - Answers1964 Words   |  8 Pages×”× ¡Ã—˜×•×“×  Ã—Ëœ________________________ × ªÃ—â€" ___________ ×â€"ומ× ¨ ×”×Å"ימוד ×Å"מט×Å"×”: ×â€"וב× ¨Ã— ª ×Å"מידה-Part 1 (ב× §Ã—•× ¨Ã— ¡ המ× ªÃ—•× §Ã— ©Ã—‘ : ×Å"ומדה –Part 1 ) ×  Ã—™× ªÃ—Ÿ ×Å"×”×™× ¢Ã—â€"× ¨ בטי× ¤Ã—™×  × ©Ã—  Ã—ž× ¦Ã— Ã—™×  ב× Ã— ªÃ— ¨ ×Å"יד הממן http://telem.openu.ac.il/courses/2012b/c61133/ The World Historical Transformation of Marriage Eye-catching features 1. Check (() the eye-catching features that appear in this text. source of the text date of publication √ title √ subtitle or information under the title author’s name biographical information about theRead MoreThe Word History Transformation of Marriage - Answers1980 Words   |  8 Pages×”× ¡Ã—˜×•×“×  Ã—Ëœ________________________ × ªÃ—â€" ___________ ×â€"ומ× ¨ ×”×Å"ימוד ×Å"מט×Å"×”: ×â€"וב× ¨Ã— ª ×Å"מידה-Part 1 (ב× §Ã—•× ¨Ã— ¡ המ× ªÃ—•× §Ã— ©Ã—‘ : ×Å"ומדה –Part 1 ) ×  Ã—™× ªÃ—Ÿ ×Å"×”×™× ¢Ã—â€"× ¨ בטי× ¤Ã—™×  × ©Ã—  Ã—ž× ¦Ã— Ã—™×  ב× Ã— ªÃ— ¨ ×Å"יד הממן http://telem.openu.ac.il/courses/2012b/c61133/ The World Historical Transformation of Marriage Eye-catching features 1. Check (() the eye-catching features that appear in this text. source of the text date of publication √ title √ subtitle or information under the title author’s name biographical information about the authorRead MoreThemes in Taming of the Shrew1433 Words   |  6 Pagestroop of actors performs is the story of Petruchio, who wants to marry for money, and Katherina, the shrew. The two actually marry and Petruchio uses his skills to â€Å"tame† Kate. This comedy of Shakespeare’s covers the themes of disguise, marriage, and transformation. The first recurring theme throughout The Taming of the Shrew is disguise. This theme is demonstrated by multiple characters in both the outer play and the inner. In the outer play, the lord dresses Sly up as a lord and makes the pageRead MoreBeauty And The Beast Analysis1750 Words   |  7 PagesThe Injustice of Transformation in Beauty and the Beast Jeanne-Marie LePrince de Beaumont’s Beauty and the Beast weaves a romance narrative with conflicting feminist and antifeminist tones much more complex than the distillations frequently seen in popular culture. Particularly in the transformation scene, de Beaumont plays with gender stereotypes through her manipulation of dialogue and diction. Suddenly, the story loses the potency of its original message about disregarding external appearancesRead More Anne Sexton912 Words   |  4 Pagesbrilliance of his predecessors, Anne Sexton does the same in her collection of poems entitled Transformations. She renovated fairy tales as told by the Brothers Grimm by adding her own life experiences and view of contemporary culture, hammering away until she built an entirely new art form. Anne Sexton has had a notable effect upon the literary genre of fairy tales through this shocking transformation of classic tales. Anne Sexton was born in Newton, Massachusetts on November 9, 1928 to RalphRead MoreTheme Of Taming Of The Shrew1116 Words   |  5 PagesVictorian notions of gender roles and marriage. At the beginning of the play, Katherine is revealed as the rebellious outsider because of her seeming outlandish character. She is openly rude to Petruchio and her father is concerned about the prospects of her marriage. She poses a threat to the masculine nature of the society because she presents herself as an equal or even as superior to the men in the society. Therefore, it becomes necessary that she settles in a marriage with a man of Petruchio’s demeanorRead MoreThe Transformation Of Social Structure, Values And Personal Relationships1471 Words   |  6 Pagesvalues really as developed as we believe? The transformation of Austen’s Emma to Clueless highlights the fixed nature of our social structure, values and personal relationships. Through this comparison it becomes evident that many of our current beliefs are not as dissimilar to Austen’s period as we may have thought. Emma depicts marriage as the focus of a women’s life with all achievements and skills of a woman being employed to further her marriage prospects. It is clearly evident that this isRead More Marriage in Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage is presented in Shakespeare?s play The Taming of the Shrew, in a complex manner allowing readers to view the play literally as a brutal taming or ironically as a subversive manifesto. Yet, Shakespeare intends to present marriage to be full of mutual love where neither male nor female dominate but compliment each other thriving together in a loved filled relationship. The portrayal of a deep understanding, which exists in an analogical relationship and the gentle transformation, which occursRead MoreEmma Clueless915 Words   |  4 PagesESSAY PLAN: TRANSFORMATIONS ( EMMA/CLUELESS Intro: C appropriates E’s 19th Century context into a contemp. Beverley Hill’s society embedded in material availability and conspicuous consumption. o Austen’s PURPOSE not changed ( C ( satire of context and human nature ( C has other purp. ( Question value and validity of texts ( POMO TRANSFORMATION THESIS: The transformation of a text helps develop and mold new meaning to its counterpart, and hence deepen the understanding ofRead More`` Their Eyes Were Watching God `` By Joseph Campbell961 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatest of which are her marriages to Logan and Jody. Janie’s grandmother, Nanny, is on her own journey to make sure that she sees her granddaughter married. Nanny states to Janie, Yeah, Janie, youse got yo womanhood on yuh...Ah wants to see you married right away (Hurston 12). Here, Nanny is insinuating that Janie is becoming a woman. Janie’s newfound womanhood along with Nanny’s pressure for Janie to marry could be considered as Janie’s call to adventure. Janie’s first marriage to Logan Killicks,

“Money and Media dominate modern day politics” †how far do you agree Free Essays

It is widely claimed that the media, and the money available to dominate it, has a much wider grasp over the voting public than manifesto or policy. The majority of the worlds media sources hold some sort of partisan alignment, and its hold on the public means this bias is passed on to the electorate. How much it influences the electorate however, is different amongst many theories. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Money and Media dominate modern day politics† – how far do you agree? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The manipulative theory suggests that the media submerges real news in meaningless trivia in order to benefit itself. An example of this is Rupert Murdoch’s support of Labour only once they’d dropped clause 4 of the constitution. The Hegemonic theory agrees with the accusation of the biased nature of the media but argues that it is less calculating. Any political stance it holds is the genuine opinion of the papers or broadcasters, and its publicising of these views is not in an attempt to manipulate the electorate. The pluralist theory argues that the customers choose the media, not the other way around, and their political views are reflected by their choice of newspaper or broadcaster, not changed by it. Though these theories have different ideas on the motives of the media, they all essentially say the same thing, the hard truth that the media is biased, and that its opinions are carried by its consumers. Another undeniable fact is that the political groups with the most money have the greatest chance of gaining the favourability of the media. Television has led the nature of elections, but more so in America than Britain due to the differing regulations relating to media, and the different motives that broadcasters have across the Atlantic. Firstly, the US doesn’t have a publicly funded broadcaster, and all broadcasting channels have a profit-driven business plan. They will therefore only show the most popular candidates in bite size chunks, not allowing for in depth and democratic coverage. Reports suggest that in the 2008 campaign, Barac Obama’s images were larger, more colourful, and positive than the ones of John McCain. This also provokes voting behaviour based on personality as opposed to policy. Secondly, there are no rules governing the democratic spread of coverage regarding candidates. Campaigns can therefore spend extortionate amounts to gain press time, such as the record setting 30 minute political commercial by Barac Obama in 2008. Britain however, has regulations on airtime, sharing it out proportionally to however many people that party has standing at the election. This is made possible through the publicly funded broadcaster, BBC, which is said to have neutral politics stance, though it has been accused of holding a liberal position. There is however, a much heavier influence coming from the press sector of the media in Britain. America’s heterogeneous nature means that local press are the standard newspaper to read and these already reflect the views of that state, which unlike Britain votes united in an electoral college. In the 1992 general election, with Kinnock and Labour the favourites, the sun released the headline, â€Å"Will the last person to leave the country turn out the lights†. A few days later, after a shock conservative victory, they released a follow up headline, â€Å"It was the sun what won it†. Just 3 years later they switched allegiance, with â€Å"Sun backs Blair†, something pointed out as one of the factors in Labours landslide 1997 election victory. This, along with the fact the paper has backed the winner in all but 3 elections in the last 50 years, implies that Britain’s biggest newspaper holds immense influence over the electorate. However, it can also be argued that with only 3 million papers in circulation, the Sun doesn’t have enough readers to change the result of an election. Not only has this but it faced opposition from big papers such as the mail and the telegraph as well. It is not just television and newspapers however, with recent elections being dominated by the internet. Access to watch the debates at any time anywhere around the world and the use of social networking filled the electorate with images and stories of the candidates in every corner of their lives. This also meant however, that the already low levels of genuine political news stories were being drowned out by an obsession with image and personality. Barac Obama spent an unprecedented 300 million on his campaign for election, spending about $10 per vote he gained. This was almost twice the amount his rival spent, and is likely to have been a factor in the outcome. The system in America requires any candidate to gain 5% of the national vote to receive national funding, so minor parties or independents stand a very poor chance of breaking into the system. If they do manage to, they then have to have the ability of raising large sums of money. Billionaires such as Ross Perot (independent 1992) could combat this, but even the third party in 2000 (Ralph Nader – Greens) claimed that he simply could not keep up with the spending of the two major parties and would never be in with a chance. There have been some limitations however, in the form of the Federal Election Campaign Act (1974) limiting individual contributions to $1000 and corporate contributions (from PACs) to $5000. This seems less of a ceiling to expenditures and more of a skyline, considering the spending patterns of the last election. It is a little different in the UK, with a maximum of i7000 allowed to be spent in any one constituency, and candidates that tend to spend less than three quarters of this. The heterogeneous nature of the USA would obviously require more expenditure in a campaign, but the 5, 6, and sometimes 7 figure expenditures in senate races seem slightly out of proportion. In Japan the electoral system was making candidates of the same party campaign against each other, which gradually pushed the price of campaigns up and up until reform was enforced. The influence money was having on elections had created a rift amongst parties as well as losing a sense of democracy. It is clear that money and the media have a huge influence on voting behaviour, but not in the way it may first have been perceived. Where the theories generally carried the view that money could drive the media, and the media in turn influence the electorate, I believe it is changing voting behaviour in a different sense. Money and the media have glorified politics, and particularly in America have given it a Hollywood effect. The public are reacting to this by voting not based the manifesto and ideologies of candidates, but voting for the greatest ‘celebrity’. Money and the media do play too great a role in modern day politics, and have replaced the electorate’s voting on policy with its voting on personality. How to cite â€Å"Money and Media dominate modern day politics† – how far do you agree?, Papers

Illiteracy free essay sample

â€Å"There’s an epidemic in America, one that is stealing the future of our nation’s children, one that is suspending millions of adults in childhood, its name, illiteracy.† – John Corcoran The National Literacy Act of 1991 defines literacy as an individuals ability to read, write and speak in English and compute and solve problems at levels of proficiency necessary to function on the job and in society, to achieve ones goals, and to develop ones knowledge and potential. Many people are illiterate not because they did not learn to read or write well enough in school, but because of uncontrollable situations. Illiteracy not only affects the one who is illiterate, it affects everyone. Illiterate people are missing out on billions of dollars each year because of their struggle in reading and writing, yet nearly half of people categorized as illiterate did not have the choice to miss out. Higher population causes an increase in poverty and poverty leads to crime, over 50 percent of criminals going into prison are illiterate. There is a lot more to illiteracy than being unable to read and write, Americans need to start paying more attention to illiteracy because the more literate the population the more advanced the world can become. Illiteracy is a worldwide epidemic. The United States ranks fifth on adult literacy skills when compared to other industrialized nations (Proliteracy). In the United States alone, four percent of adults 16 and older cannot read at all, 45.6 percent of adults are at a low reading level, leaving 19 percent of adults at a high level of reading and 31.4 percent at an average reading level. Based on adults who are lacking basic literacy skills, in the United States there are nine states that tied with the highest literacy rates: North Dakota, New Hampshire, and Minnesota at a six percent illiteracy rate, and Wisconsin, Vermont, South Dakota, N ebraska, Missouri, and Maine at an average seven percent illiteracy rate. From those nine states with lower illiteracy rates, the percentage keeps rising until California, New York, Florida, and Texas. These four states have the lowest rates of literacy in the United States. California takes last place with the highest number of illiterate people in the United States, close to one-fourth of California is lacking basic literacy skills. New York has the second highest illiteracy rate in the United States, with an average 22 percent illiterate. Florida comes third to last in the top four states with the highest levels of illiteracy an average 20 percent of the entire state is illiterate. Lastly in fourth place Texas, Texas has an estimated 19 percent illiteracy rate (National Center for Education Statistics). California, New York, Florida, and Texas all four have something in common with their high illiteracy rate; population. These four states just happen to be the four most populate d states in the country California once again taking first place, Texas taking second, New York taking third, and Florida taking fourth. All four of these states have largely influenced our country, you never see people from Idaho or Rhode Island on the Television yet their rates of literacy are noticeably higher than any of these four states. Why should America be mostly influenced by the states with the lowest levels of literacy? We should be listening to the little states more often and hearing what they have to say. There are many reasons why someone could be illiterate, but the two top reasons are actually very common problems in America: learning disabilities and poverty. With a higher population, states are bound to have more poor people and also more people with learning disabilities. Learning disablilities are a common cause of illiteracy. It can be helped, but not fixed and is not a choice in life. One learning disability that is a common cause of illiteracy is dyslexia. Dyslexia is a neurobiological disorder, also known as a nervous disorder. Dyslexia leads to the inability to decode print. Many people believe genetics, brain development, hearing problems and cross wiring in the brain are what cause this learning disability, none of which have been confirmed. Dyslexia causes a difficulty in reading, understanding, and inept writing skills because of the confusion with words that look alike. Eventually, this can cause a person to be catergorized as illiterate (Pitts). Short term memory difficulties is another neurobiological disorder that affects readers especially. Studies have shown that less skilled readers did not perform well on a variety of short term memory tasks, such as word strings or lists, doodles, and digit spans. Less skilled readers more commonly have a general laungage problem that results from inefficiencies in short term memory. Therefore, the more a person reads the more likely they will be a skilled reader and have better memory (Thompkins and Binder). Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD) is another disorder that is associated with illiteracy, and often co-exists with other disabilities such as speech and language disorders or delays, and learning disabilities like dyslexia. Those suffering from CAPD do not have the ability to pay attention to an activity when there are noises. The sounds distract the brain making it excruciatingly hard to focus on anything but the noise. This causes a problem while reading and spelling which leads to a literacy problem, thus increasing the illiteracy rates in America (Bellis). Poverty is one of the biggest problems America faces today. Poverty breeds illiteracy because poor families are unable to support themselves; children are forced out of school to work. Poverty does not allow the equal opportunity for an education and/or skills required for everyday life. Without an education, children turn to crime or are forced to stay on the lowest levels of the work force and remain in poverty, repeating the cycle with each new generation. To break the cycle of illiteracy in homes facing poverty, a program to help these children and adults needs to be designed to get these people the help they need so our country’s people can advance in society. Greg Harman, a writer for the San Antonio Tex said, â€Å"There’s not investment in those who don’t vote, and there’s very small investment in the poor.† Greg Harman’s quote is true especially when talking about countries like Burkina Faso. Burkina Faso is located in West Africa and is one of the world’s poorest countries. Burkina Faso also has one of the lowest levels of literacy in the world. Only a measly 18.2 percent are able to read and write. Creating a quality of life happens not only through building sidewalks and streets, it is about investing in human capital (Harman). This is true for Angele Sanoua, a disabled woman who lives in Burkina Faso. She has described how disabled people in her country are shamed and, in most cases, banned from school and considered usless. She talked about her family being determined to get her into school and made sure she always went. After getting an education she founded the Disabled Womens Accociation in Burkina Faso allowing support and help to educate other diabled women. She says that having her education has empowered her to defend her rights (Cool Planet). This woman is an inspiration to her country and has helped many women get educations. All countries should have education groups like this to increase literacy in the world. Poverty is very much related to crime and these both are main causes of low literacy. Crime and illiteracy are based off eachother, nearly 50 percent of criminals in United States Prisons are illiterate. Sixty-five percent of highschool dropouts are criminals. A lack of education is one of the strongest predictors of criminal activity. In Washington State alone, in t he last 50 years, criminal and illiteracy rates have increased drastically. In 1960, the overall crime rate for Washington State was 63,688 crimes committed that year (including murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle). In 2009, a record 266,242 crimes were committed. The population in Washington increased, too. In 1960, the population of Washington was 2,853,214 people, but in 2009 the estimated population of Washington State grew to over 6.5 million people. Now, compare the crime increase to the population increase and then look at the rise in illiteracy, each of these have nearly tripled. This shows that as the United States has expanded so has the crime and illiteracy rates. There is no doubt that crime, population and illiteracy are related, 50 percent of criminals are illiterate and 80 percent of illiterate criminals live in povery. Reading is one way that will exponetially increase literacy. Teaching children and adults to read, write, and comprehend is not only an essential duty and investment in America’s future it is also and act of love (Corcoran). Learning to read and becoming a good reader at a young age is one of the most crucial things someon could do. Challenging your brain earlier in your life helps to counter brain-damaging diseases later on in life. Reading prior to the age of eighteen is also very important in predicting functions such as memory, attention and concentration. Reading at a younger age is just as cruical as reading at an older age. It can be seen when there is multiple generations reading together (Harman). Studies show that elderly people who read and play bingo often minimized their memory loss. Reading for older people helps a lot to strengthen bolster and hand-eye coordination (The Franklin Institute). Reading everyday exposes proper grammar and sentence structure. Also, reading a different genre frequently can actually increase knowledge by ten percent. Book clubs can be very he lpful and very fun when reading. Those who enjoy reading usually are in a book club to talk and discuss a book picked by the group. It is a great way to open up a person’s imagination and to aquire new information at the same time. Reading is a way for young people to go places and meet people. â€Å"Books can take you anywhere you want to go† (Tuck). Repeatedly talking about current reading improves memory and even increase grades for students. Book clubs improve comprehension skills and the abilitiy to interpret and think critically about text. Not to mention the fact that having a choice in the book makes it a fun way to empower and promote literacy development without even realizing it. Libraries and classrooms need to be able to offer books that speak to them and reflect the people’s reality (Luedeke). Reading a book that reflects something going on in a readers life is important because it allows a safe escape, and in most cases, offers a solution. Writing is also a very helpful way to increase literacy. Writing allows the ability to extend a line of thought without being judged, writing can also help with getting facts, inferences, and opinions without getting confused and without confusing the reader. Lastly, a great way to really get help and to improve is to stay in school. Having the opportunity to go to school automatically gives the opportunity to ask questions and get help needed to advance in life. When a student asks questions it does not leave them behind unsure and confused. Being unsure is not a good feeling, it can even cause people to give up. That is why asking questions is always a great way to stay caught up. Not to mention that adults who do not finish high school in the United States earn 65 percent less money of what people who have high school degrees earn. It is said that highschool dropouts are more likely to end up on welfare or in prison. There is more to illiteracy than being unable to read and write. The re are tons of reasons, and most of the time the person who gets catergorize as illiterate did not have the choice. They developed a disability that slowed them down. Or the family could not afford to have them in school so they had to drop out and get a job to help. Anyone should be able to get the help they need, and most people do not get it. Illiteracy is a problem that needs more attention because it is a huge issue and, in today’s economy, the more literate the population, the more advanced the world can become. Works Cited Harman, Greg. Strike against Literacy. San Antonio Tex (2010). National Center for Education Statistics. State and County Estimates of Low Literacy. 2003. National Assesment of Adult Literacy. http://nces.ed.gov/naal/estimates/StateEstimates.aspx. Literacy in the Media. Dir. John Cororan. Perf. John Corcoran. 2002. Luedeke, Lisa. Adolscent Literacy. Of Times, Teens, and Books. 2006. 61-80. Proliteracy. The Impacts of Literacy. 13 October 2008. www.proliteracy.org. Tuck, Justin. Rush for Literacy. Scholastic Choices (2010): 5. Bellis, Teri James. Understanding Auditory Processing Disorders in Children. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) (2004). Cool Planet. Disability and Education. 2002. Pitts, Jonathan. Health Guidance. 2010. http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/11478/1/Causes-of-Dyslexia-in-Children.html. The Franklin Institute. Reading and Bingo. 2004. Resources for Science Learning. http://www.fi.edu/learn/brain/exercise.html. Thompkins, Amanda C. and Katherine S . Binder. A Comparison of the Factors Affecting Reading Performance of Functionally Illiterate Adults and Children Matched by Reading Level. (2003): 236-258.

Role of chemistry in domestic activities free essay sample

12537 Name DABADE MILIND BABASO Fathers Name DABADE BABASO NAMDEV Address AP VATHAR TARF VADGAON TAL HATKANANGALE DIST KOLHAPUR City VATHAR TARF VADGAON State MAHARASHTRA Pin Code 416112 Gender male Religion HINDU Signature of Candidate with in box CerO? cate No. Caste (mark v) Issue Date MAG/SR/NO/H-1451/08 SC Non Creamy Layer 2008-Aug-20 (for OBC Candidate Only) attach the copy of permanent caste/NCL Certificate issued by Competent Authority on or after 1/1/13 Date of Birth 1992-09-16 Physically Handicapped no For Departmental Candidate (mark v) Age as on 28/02/2014 no Only for Security Guard/ASSI Height Chest 33-35 70 Please MenOon 21 year 5 month 20 days NCC B C CerO? cate Ex Army/ Ex-BSF Other NCC B CERTIFICATE Note : Mondatory for Astt Security Sub Inspector, Gr. D/Security Guard, Gr. G Attach supporting certificates[Must for the post of Security Guard/ASS-Ex Army/ Ex-BSF Personnel or NCC B C Certificate holder EducaOon Quali? caOon KOLHAPUR Year of Passing 2008 Stream (specify from the adverOsement) NA KOLHAPUR 2011 ARTS Quali? caOon Board /University SSC HSC Details of Project A? ected Person-PAP, if any [a? ach documents] Experience Name Employment Exchange registraOon Number. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of chemistry in domestic activities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page if any DuraOon of Course % age of Marks 1 YEAR 48% 1 YEAR 41% No no 20130425C100484 Fee Details [non refundable] [Exempted for SC/ST PWD /Department Candidates] DD NO. DD Date Amount 0 Date of Applying 2014-03-07 SBI Bank Branch Name

Need Based Scholarship Essay Samples - How Can A High School Student Earn Money By Writing An Essay?

Need Based Scholarship Essay Samples - How Can A High School Student Earn Money By Writing An Essay?To save time and money, how can a high school student to earn money by writing an essay? You can earn money through writing an essay and in addition receive an essay writing award. There are a lot of reasons why you need a lot of time and then money to go on and write an essay. However, there are a lot of essay writing samples available in the internet that will help you out.For some, it is impossible to find the time for an essay because of many other commitments. This is because you have to give a lecture in your classes as well as taking part in an exam. It's really hard for you to prepare for both of these things simultaneously. A high school essay award program will help you out because it has a checklist system.What is the point of going on and looking for essay samples on the internet? By just looking through the internet you might miss out on something that would help you. If y ou're confused about which method to choose for your essay, you can check out some essay writing sample sites. These essays are selected by professionals who specialize in this field. They have a proven track record in helping high school students.This is because they know what works and what doesn't work for high school students. They also understand the importance of making sure that your essay is well-written. If you want to earn money by writing an essay, you need to be able to create a convincing argument. Otherwise, you may not be able to earn money by doing so.If you don't have any money to spend, you can always look for high school students who need money to pursue their dreams. They are the ones who need essay writing assistance. They've been rejected by college admissions officers and want to finish their high school courses but still have no money to do so.Their goals are to get the admission letter to college and to make the essays stand out. Some need essays in order to make their lives easier. They might need assistance in searching for scholarships or looking for jobs. This is why you should use a high school essay writing sample.You can go on and look for the right essay samples by following the instructions. You'll only need to write three essay topics, one for each topic, in order to write a powerful essay. Make sure that you have a clear and convincing reason for writing the essay. You'll have to write the essay, for a period of at least two months, depending on the size of the paper that you need to write.

Introduction of 4ps free essay sample

Marketing The 4 Ps of marketing are Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. Think of each of these as a variable which you control. The idea is to set these variables in such a way so that sales will take place. You cannot make a customer pull out her credit card, but you can certainly help her in coming to a decision by setting the right price, the retail location, the level of advertising and even product attributes such as colour or perceived quality. You control everything but the customer herself. These variables are all interdependent. Taken together, they constitute a certain mix. This is often referred to as the marketing mix. In defining this mix it is also necessary to take into account your competitors mix as well as your overall corporate goals and objectives. The idea is to come up with a mix that will clearly differentiate your products from those of your competitors while considering your corporate goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction of 4ps or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, your company may wish to offer a high-end luxury type of product since your competitors are addressing the mass market and this is consistent with your companys goal of owning  the market for top-of-the-line products of this category. Definition of 4P’s Product: The marketing mix concept has its roots in the 1950s U. S. corporate marketing world, and the practice of marketing has obviously evolved tremendously since this term was invented. One of the changes is that there are a lot more services available nowadays, such as those available online. Also, the distinction between product and service has become more blurry. Either way, product here refers to products or services. The product or service you offer needs to be able to meet a specific, existing market demand. Or, you need to be able to create a market niche through building a strong brand. Price: The price you set for your product or service plays a large role in its marketability. Pricing for products or services that are more commonly available in the market is more elastic, meaning that unit sales will go up or down more responsively in response to price changes. By contrast, those products that have a generally more limited availability in the market are more inelastic, meaning that price changes will not affect unit sales very much. The price elasticity of your product or service can be determined through various market testing techniques. Place: This term really refers to any way that the customer can obtain a product or receive a service. Provision of a product or service can occur via any number of distribution channels, such as in a retail store, through the mail, via downloadable files, on a cruise ship, in a hair salon, and so on The ease and options through which you can make your product or service available to your customers will have an effect on your sales volume. Promotion: Promotion is concerned with any vehicle you employ for getting people to know more about your product or service. Advertising, public relations, point-of-sale displays, and word-of-mouth promotion are all traditional ways for promoting a product. Promotion can be seen as a way of closing the information gap between would-be sellers and would-be buyers. Your choice of a promotional strategy will be dependent upon your budget, the type of product or service you are selling, and availability of said promotional vehicle.

Where to Buy Sodium Hydroxide

Where to Buy Sodium Hydroxide Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or lye is a common ingredient in many science projects, particularly chemistry experiments, and to make homemade soap and wine. Its also a caustic chemical, so its not as easy to find in stores as it used to be. Some shops carry it as Red Devil lye with laundry supplies. Its also found, usually in impure form, in solid drain cleaners. Craft stores carry lye for soapmaking. There is also food-grade sodium hydroxide, sold in some specialty cooking stores.You can find sodium hydroxide online. You can purchase it at Amazon as sodium hydroxide or lye. Pure lye drain opener, caustic soda, and pure or food grade sodium hydroxide. Depending on your project, you may be able to substitute potassium hydroxide (KOH), which has similar chemical properties and is easier to find. However, these two chemicals arent the same, so if make the substitution, expect slightly different results. How to Make Sodium Hydroxide If you cant purchase sodium hydroxide, you can use a chemical reaction to make it. You will need: Table salt (sodium chloride, non-iodized)2 Carbon electrodes (from zinc-carbon batteries or graphite pencil leads)Alligator clipsWaterPower supply (e.g., 9-volt battery) In a glass container, stir salt into water until it dissolves. Do not use an aluminum container or aluminum utensils because sodium hydroxide will react with them and damage them.Place the two carbon rods in the container (not touching).Use alligator clips to connect each rod to a terminal of the battery. Let the reaction proceed about 7 hours. Place the set-up in a well-ventilated space, as hydrogen and chlorine gas will be produced. The reaction produces a sodium hydroxide solution. You can use it as such or can evaporate off the water to concentrate the solution or obtain solid lye. This is an electrolysis reaction, which proceeds according to the chemical equation: 2 NaCl(aq) 2 H2O(l) → H2(g) Cl2(g) 2 NaOH(aq) Another way to make lye is from ashes. To do this, boil ashes from a hardwood fire in a small amount of distilled water for about half an hour. To get a large amount of lye requires a lot of ashes. Hardwood ash (e.g., oak) is preferable to softwood ash (e.g., pine) because softer woods contain a lot of resin.Let the ashes sink to the bottom of the container.Skim lye solution from the top. Evaporate the liquid to concentrate the solution. Note that lye from ashes is relatively impure but should be good enough for many science projects or to make soap. To make a crude soap from homemade lye, all you need to do is combine lye with fat. Sodium Hydroxide Projects Once you have lye, you can use it in a variety of science projects. You can make a sodium hydroxide solution to use as a base, make homemade soap, make water glass for homemade magic rocks, or try the gold and silver magic pennies experiments.

Community Involvement in Construction Dissertation

Community Involvement in Construction - Dissertation Example The involvement of the community benefits both the community and the economy. The research is made to enhance the economy and to attain advantages from the community. Different books, literary articles in different magazines, newspaper and journals are utilized for the collection of data and information (Groat & Wang, 2002). However, interviews and questionnaire were also adopted for the collection of data. The construction publications and governmental publication are also considered important for the research. The government publications are important in determining the legal situation of the subject. Methodology In order to research the hypothesis, two research methodologies can be adopted (Groat & Wang, 2002). One method is to simply collect the data with relevance to the statement and then prove the hypothesis through the observation and with the help of available information. The collection method should involve the relevant books, journals, literature, etc. The method is often called as the qualitative research method. However, proving the hypothesis by utilizing the scientific tactics or scientific methods, which involves the practical behavior and responses from the people that are influencing the research directly. The method may not involve the collection of data through books, journals, etc. Such research method is known as quantitative research method. ... Secondly, utilization of the questionnaire and interviewing also help community development and fight legal and formal issues. Qualitative and Quantitative Research methods: Qualitative research approach involves the collection of data by researching and exploring the subject of subject without utilizing the principles and laws. The information explores the subject corresponding subject and its constituent parts. The attained information is carefully studied and conclusion is drawn with relevance to the collected information (Groat & Wang, 2002). The information is collected from the books, journals and other such sources that cover the subject. In a quantitative research method, an experimental method is utilized, which follows the scientific methods. In a scientific methods, a sequence of procedures are followed and then according to the finding evaluated through the steps, conclusion is made. The research method involves the collection of data through experimentation and directly consulting the persons that are directly involved (Groat & Wang, 2002). Interviewing or questionnaire is a part of the quantitative research method. Data collection: The information is gathered from various sources and thus it is not in the form that is required. The gathered information required editing. Editing of the information involved the selection of appropriate content and discarding the inappropriate information that is irrelevant to the subject of the research (Groat  & Wang 2002). Secondary Data Collection: In the qualitative research method, primary as well as secondary information sources are searched. Secondary information sources include the previous researches and information available in

Managing new ventures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Managing new ventures - Essay Example This research will be carried out by the organization themselves or even by some external agencies. As customer is the â€Å"King† of any business and as the organization manufactures its products or offers its services only to sell it to the customers, they have to be studied as part of market research. That is, customer’s preferences regarding the products’ price, quality, packing, appearance, etc has to be studied and those information can be used while designing the product and also while formulating the marketing campaign. Berman (2007) state customer preferences, buying habits, their demographics, language and other trends of particular markets must be evaluated. Intensive market research can enable an organization to identify the strengths and weakness of its competitors. By understanding those aspects, organization can have good information about the things that were working out well for the competitors, as well as the things that has caused failures. With that information, the organization can design its products and its marketing campaign accordingly, thereby increasing its competitiveness. Moreover, the organization by avoiding the failed strategies can prevent any harm to them at an early stage. The process that can be used to do the market research is market positioning (McMahan 2006). According to McMahan (2006) market positioning process involves 5 steps: an identification of the target market, a understanding of the competitive environment, strategy formulation for improving competitive position, establishing strong brand image, and development of a supply chain program. This process can provide effective results because it focuses on all aspects of external environment and also the management of any organization. Unlike internal forces, external forces are not directly controlled by the management of an organization, so they need to be studied in-depth through this process to get effective

The Role Of Intermediary Devices In Networks Information Technology Essay

The Role Of Intermediary Devices In Networks Information Technology Essay TCP/ IP model and OSI layers are the two network models used by the internet. In the OSI model, an Ethernet switch operates at the Data-Link layer to create a different collision domain for every single switch port. A multilayer switch though may work at more than one OSI layers, including physical, data link, network and even the transport layer. A router on the other hand is considered a layer 3- the Network layer of the TCP/IP model- device since it does most of its routing decisions according to information in the IP packet of layer 3. Role of Intermediary Devices in the network The switch, which is basically a modern and more efficient version of the outdated hub, is a network access device. The router is an internetworking device. They are both intermediary devices. The basic functionalities of the processes that run in them are to regenerate and re-transmit data, maintain information about the pathways that exist across the network and internet, inform other devices in case of errors and transmission failures, guide data along substitute pathways when there is a failure in the link, classify and direct messages according to Quality of Service (QoS) priorities and permit or deny data flow based on security settings. LANs AND WANs A Local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network which typically covers one geographical area, delivering services and applications to those within a mutual organizational structure. A switch is used to connect these computers. Switches lack the capability of connecting multiple networks or distributing an internet connection. A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network of computers covering a broad area and is used in interconnecting two or multiple Local Area Networks. It is usually built using leased lines. A router connects two or more logical subnets and thus is usually connected to two or more LANs or WANs or also a LAN and its Internet Service Provider (ISP). Routers are also used to link segments of a LAN that has been sub-netted into smaller segments. Routers are located at gateways, the meeting point of two or more networks (Ilascu, 2007) Address Table Packet-switched computer networks employ a forwarding technique called bridging. Bridging is dependent on flooding and source address examination in received packet headers to establish the address location of unknown devices. Switches maintain a table of Ethernet MAC addresses referred to as a CAM Table also known as Bridge forwarding table using a method called Transparent Bridging involving learning, flooding, filtering, forwarding and aging. The switch records the source addresses in entries in the table, while destination addresses are looked up in the table and matched to the proper segment to send the frame. The show mac-address-table command can be used to show this table on a Cisco switch. Source route bridging is another form of bridging that was developed for token ring networks. Routers direct packets according to information stored in the IP routing table. A router looks inside each TCP/IP packet it has received to identify the IP addresses of the source and target, sear ches its own routing table for the best match between the destination IP address of the network and addresses in the routing table packet then forwards the packets as desired to ensure that data reaches its destination. The show ip route command can be used to show the table on a Cisco router. (Cisco, 2009) Security Switches and routers are often ignored as security devices because they were originally made to enhance network connectivity rather than network security. Consequently, they are conceptually less secure. An attack on the edge router can cut off the entire network from its users. Weak passwords, unneeded services, protocol and IOS vulnerabilities and IOS configuration errors can cause security breaches. Most routers nowadays have a hardware firewall integrated in their systems thus this has made routers an important component in fostering network security. There are several technical terms about switches and routers that one would encounter: Ports and interfaces A port is a point of physical access or physical interface between a circuit and a device or system at which signals are injected or extracted. It can also be a logical connection, identified by a protocol address in a packet header, associated with TCP or UDP service. The IP address and the port number identify a socket. An interface physically and logically interconnects two other devices or systems Broadcast, unicast and multicast Multicast is a transmission mode in which a signal or packet is sent to multiple devices or computers, but not all on a network, unicast is where a single packet or signal is sent to a single device and broadcast is where it is sent to all stations on a network in order to update the routing table. Gateway This is where one network meets another, for example where a LAN and a WAN are joined by a router. Protocols These are rules and conventions used to exchange information between computers or across computer internetworks. Their two major functions are handshaking and line discipline. Encapsulation and Decapsulation Different types of information are added as data from the Application layer passes down the protocol stack. A new header in each level and a new name is given to the data enclosed. Decapsulation is the reverse. As data goes up the protocol stack, the Data link layer takes it from the physical medium, does a Cyclic Redundancy Check, strips off the respective headers and the rest of the data is passed to an upper layer till it reaches the application layer. Packet switching LAN switches depend on packet-switching. A connection between two segments is established long enough to direct out the current packet. Inbound packets are stored in a temporary memory area, buffer; MAC address in the header is read and compared to those in the switchs lookup table.   An Ethernet frame comprises a normal packet as the payload of the frame, which has a special header including the MAC address information. Traffic-routing in a switch Three methods are used by packet-based switches for traffic-routing. As soon as the packet is detected by the switch, Cut-through switches read the MAC address. The 6 bytes that contain the address information are stored and instantly forwarding the packet to the destination node starts as the rest of the packet comes into the switch. In store-and-forward, the entire packet is saved by the switch, checked for CRC inaccuracies or any other problems before sending. The packet is discarded if it contains errors. The least common method is fragment-free. Its working is like that of cut-through but the first 64 bytes of the packet are stored before sending. This is because most errors and all collisions take place during the first 64 bytes of a packet. Switch configurations The physical design of LAN switches differ. Shared memory is one of the three common configurations in use. This brand of switch stores all entering packets in a common buffer memory shared by all switch ports (for input and output connections), subsequently sending them out through the correct port for the required destination node. In Matrix type of switch, there is an internal grid with input ports crossing output ports. Once a packet is identified on an input port, the MAC address is matched to the lookup table to get the suitable output port. A connection on the grid  where these two ports intersect is then made by the switch. The third is Bus architecture, where instead of a grid; an internal transmission  path (common bus) is shared by all ports using TDMA. There is a dedicated memory buffer for each port in a switch based on this configuration, with an ASIC to control the internal bus access. Router interfaces A router typically has multiple interfaces, as its main purpose is to interconnect several networks and send packets from one network to another. Every interface is a member or host belonging to a different IP network. The routing table comprises of network addresses for a routers own interfaces, which are directly connected networks, and remote networks. Though routers make their major forwarding decisions at the Network layer, router interfaces do this in Layers 1, 2, and 3. IP packets at layer 1 are encapsulated into data link frame at layer 2 and encoded into bits at physical Layer 1. Router interfaces participate in processes associated with their encapsulation at layer 2. A router Ethernet interface, for example, takes part in the ARP process like other same LAN hosts. Router interfaces may vary, but Serial and FastEthernet interfaces are common. Static and Dynamic Routes Static routes are easily and manually configured. However, in large networks the manual operation can be quite cumbersome. Static routes have a default administrative distance of 1. If theres not a more specific match in the routing table, the default route, 0.0.0.0 network address and 0.0.0.0 subnet mask, is used to forward the packet to another router. Dynamic routing protocols require less administrative overhead. They do discovery of remote networks, maintaining up-to-date routing information, choosing the best path to destination networks and have ability to find a new best path if the current is no longer available or if there is a topology change. Static routing is still used nowadays, more often than not, in combination with dynamic routing. Conclusion As introduction of more industrial devices which have built-in Ethernet capabilities continues, networks keep becoming more complex and get crowded with signal traffic. This increases the necessity for Ethernet switches and routers with advanced technology which limits collisions, control bandwidth and have ability to craft virtual local area networks. Companies like Cisco, HP and IBM are racing to produce devices based on the new Energy Efficient Ethernet Standard (IEEE 802.3az). The announcement of CGR 2010 and CGS 2520 router and switch products by Cisco Systems recently designed to aid utility companies in supplying power to homes and businesses under the Smart grid project, a conglomeration of existing and technologies under development, hoped to ameliorate aging US power grid in the near future. As internet speeds get faster, through copper and fiber, switches and routers must possess features of high capacity and expandability. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS (incl. IPv4 and IPv6) Internet protocol suite It refers to a model architecture which divides methods into one layered system of protocols commonly known as TCP/IP, the two most important protocols in it. It is composed of the Link layer, Internet, Transport and Application layers. The link layer provides basic connectivity between computer networking hardware and associated interface-interface messaging management. The Internet layer facilitates interconnectivity between networks and has the Internet Protocol defining IPv4 and IPv6 used to locate hosts on the network. Transport layer provides a framework to convey data between hosts with the help of protocols like TCP and UDP. Application layer deals with application-based interaction between communicating Internet hosts on a process-to-process level. The Domain Name System (DNS) This is the whole network of programs and databases that cooperate to translate hostnames to IP addresses. Internet hostnames are composed of parts separated by dots. A domain is a collection of machines that share a common name suffix. Domains can also live inside other domains. Each domain is defined by an authoritative name server that knows the IP addresses of the other machines in the domain. The primary name server may have backups in case it goes down. The name-servers do not have to know the locations of all the machines in other domains including their own sub-domains, just the location of name-servers. Each top-level domain server knows where the name-servers for the domains directly beneath it are. Classful and classless routing IPv4 addresses were initially allocated based on classes A, B, C, D. Classful routing utilizes routing protocols which do not send subnet mask information if there is a sent out route update . All network devices must use a similar subnet mask e.g. RIPv1. In classless routing, the network portion of the address is determined by the network subnet mask, also known as the network prefix, or prefix length In Classless routing, subnet mask information is sent out in the routing updates. It allows VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) e.g. RIP V2 EIGRP OSPF. RIP V1 has no Support for VLSM and doesnt support discontigious networks. RIP v2, however, supports VLSM networks and discontigious networks through routers compliant with Classless-Inter Domain Routing, which reduce size of routing tables. Governance The internet is a globally distributed network made up of many voluntary interconnected autonomous networks. It runs without a central governing body. Nevertheless, to maintain interoperability, all technical and policy features of the underlying central infrastructure and the primary name spaces, that is, domain names, IP addresses, application port number and many other parameters are administered by a body called Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) in California. World Wide Web and the internet These two terms are often used daily without much distinction, yet have different meanings. The internet is made up of hardware and software infrastructure that ensure availability of connectivity between computers. The World Wide Web or just the web is one of the services transferred through the internet. It is a pool of interconnected documents and many other resources interconnected by hyperlinks and URLs. Technical terms related to the internet include: URLs It stands for Uniform Resource Locator and is used to uniquely identify each of the billions of web pages across the world and help one guide others to them. Internet Backbone The first high speed Tier 1 backbone was created by the NFS in 1987. Backbones are typically fiber optic trunk lines with multiple fiber optic cables to increase the capacity. Bandwidth This is the transmission capability of the lines that convey the Internets electronic traffic where a larger bandwidth transfers more data at a time. Lack of bandwidth can inflict severe restrictions on the quick information delivery by the internet. Peering This is where multiple ISPs are linked at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), permitting routing of data across each network, without transmission charges on one another for the data which would otherwise have gone through a third upstream ISP, attracting charges from the upstream ISP. Web hosting This is a form of internet hosting service that lets individuals and organizations make their own websites reachable through the World Wide Web. Web hosting companies offer space on a server they either own or have leased for use by their clients and furthermore provide internet connectivity usually in a data center. IPv4 The Internet Protocol enables internetworking and fundamentally creates the internet itself. IP Version 4 (IPv4) is the preliminary version on the initial generation of todays internet and is still dominantly in use. It was aimed to address up to 4.3 billion (109) internet hosts. IPv4 addresses were initially allocated based on classes. In the original specification of IPv4 (RFC 791) released in 1981, the authors established the classes to provide three different sizes of networks for large, medium and small organizations. As a result, class A, B and C addresses were defined with a specific format for the high order bits, which are the left-most bits in a 32-bit address. The remaining addresses were reserved for multicasting and future uses. However, IPv4 addresses are being exhausted due to the explosive growth of the internet, and the exhaustion is estimated to enter its final stage around 2011. (Microsoft Corporation, 2009) IPv6 The exhaustion led to development of IPv6 around mid-1990s, which provides massively larger addressing abilities and much more efficient routing of traffic. Presently, IPv6 is in commercial deployment phase across the world and internet address registries (RIRs) have started to urge all resource managers to organize rapid implementation and conversion. IPv6 is not interoperable with IPv4 as it basically creates a parallel form of the internet that IPv4 software cannot directly access. Software upgrades or translator facilities are thus essential for each networking device that requires communication on the IPV6 internet. While most recent computer operating systems have by now converted to function with both versions, network infrastructures still lag behind in this development. (Teare Diane, 2006) Client-Server Architecture A computer operates software known as the client and it interacts with another known as the server found at a remote computer. The client is typically a browser such as Mozilla Firefox or Internet Explorer. The server interacts with the browser using a set of guidelines called protocols. These protocols aid in the correct transfer of data via requests from a browser as the server responds. The World Wide Web brings the many protocols available on the Internet together so one can use HTTP, Telnet, FTP, Email etc. on one platform, the web browser. Inside the HTML page the web designer embeds the server-side language code. This code is handed to the suitable interpreter which processes these guidelines and generates the ultimate HTML displayed by the browser. Internet security Cryptographic methods and protocols that have been developed for securing communications on the Internet ensure cyber security. Protocols including SSL and TLS for web traffic, PGP for email, and IPsec for the network layer security have been developed to secure internet communications. Firewalls are used to control access between networks. They consist of gateways and filters which vary from one firewall to another and screen network traffic, blocking that which is dangerous or malicious. Antiviruses are used to protect networks and devices from computer viruses, malware, Trojan horses, spyware, worms and botnets. Conclusion Since its conception in 1969, internet has evolved more than anything else to react positively to new requirements. With faster speeds now, internet is used in banking, gaming, advertising, social networking like Facebook and almost everything else. Shaping the future of internet, CSS3, Fonts as a Service such as Typekit that cater to web browsers that support the font-face rule already, and HTML5 are providing web designers the creative liberty that they have been craving for a long time. Yet new ideas and technologies bring new challenges. Many feel a clean slate approach is the one sure way of correctly addressing security, mobility and further challenges that have arose since 1969. Researchers believe its time to reconsider the Internets underlying architecture, a change that might mean getting to replace networking equipment and modifying computer software to channel future traffic over the existing pipes better. Within a decade, the National Science Foundation (NSF) funded GENI and European Union backed Future Internet Research and Experimentation (FIRE) research programs would be making a considerable change of the internet. (JESDANUN, 2007)